The research questions were 1. What effect does small-scale group living have on the functioning and quality of life of older people with dementia? 2. What effect does small-scale group living have on the involvement of family members with the residents, on their care burden and on their health? 3. What effect does small-scale group living have on the work satisfaction, workload and absenteeism rates of staff caring for people with dementia? 4. What characteristics other than group size distinguish small-scale group living arrangements from conventional care in psychogeriatric nursing home units?